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- ****************************************************
- * Insulinase family, zinc-binding region signature *
- ****************************************************
-
- A number of proteases dependent on divalent cations for their activity have
- recently been shown [1] to belong to one family, on the basis of sequence
- similarity. These enzymes are listed below.
-
- - Insulinase (EC 3.4.24.56) (also known as insulysin or insulin-degrading
- enzyme or IDE), a cytoplasmic enzyme which seems to be involved in the
- cellular processing of insulin, glucagon and other small polypeptides.
- - Escherichia coli protease III (EC 3.4.24.55) (pitrilysin) (gene ptr), a
- periplasmic enzyme that degrades small peptides.
- - Mitochondrial processing peptidase (EC 3.4.99.41). This enzyme removes the
- transit peptide from the precursor form of proteins imported from the
- cytoplasm across the mitochondrial inner membrane. It is composed of two
- nonidentical homologous subunits. The second subunit, known as the
- processing-enhancing protein, is also one of the core subunits of
- mitochondrial ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase.
- - Klebsiella pneumoniae protein pqqF [2]. This protein is required for the
- biosynthesis of the coenzyme pyrrolo-quinoline-quinone (PQQ). It is thought
- to be protease that cleaves peptide bonds in a small peptide (gene pqqA)
- thus providing the glutamate and tyrosine residues necessary for the
- synthesis of PQQ.
- - Escherichia coli hypothetical protein yddD.
-
- These enzymes do not share many regions of sequence similarity; the most
- noticeable is in the N-terminal section. This region includes a conserved
- histidine followed, three residues later, by either a glutamate or an
- aspartate and then by a basic residue (His, Arg or Lys). In pitrilysin, it has
- been shown [3] that the H-x-x-E-H motif is involved in enzyme activity; the
- two histidines bind zinc and the glutamate is necessary for catalytic
- activity. The signature pattern for this family is based on this region.
-
- -Consensus pattern: G-x(9)-G-x-[STA]-H-[LIVMFY]-x-[DE]-[HRK]-[LIVMFY]-x-
- [LIVMFY]-x-[GST](2)
- [The H and possibly the HRK are zinc ligands]
- [E or D is the active site residue]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
- -Last update: June 1994 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Rawlings N.D., Barrett A.J.
- Biochem. J. 275:389-391(1991).
- [ 2] Meulenberg J.J.M., Sellink E., Riegman N.H., Postma P.W.
- Mol. Gen. Genet. 232:284-294(1992).
- [ 3] Becker A.B., Roth R.A.
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:3835-3839(1992).
-